Logiciel Libre et valorisation de la recherche
Recherche publique et droit d'auteur[modifier]
Droit à valoriser son travail par des licences libres[modifier]
Le Logiciel Libre s'inscrit pleinement dans le droit d'auteur. Le droit d'auteur prévoit parmi les droits moraux (inaliénables selon la loi) le droit de divulgation qui permet à tout auteur de choisir le mode de valorisation de son travail.
Pour mieux analyser les droits des chercheurs à publier leurs travaux sous licences libres, il faut savoir que les fonctionnaires sont soumis à une application du droit d'auteur un peu particulière (voir à ce sujet les fichiers du CNRS sur le droit d'auteur : « Le nouveau régime des créations des agents publics » et « Les droits conférés par le droit d'auteur »).
Ce régime spécifique du droit d'auteur pour les fonctionnaires ne s'applique pas aux « agents qui disposent dans leurs fonctions d'une grande autonomie intellectuelle, voire une indépendance de jugement, même si celle-ci s'inscrit dans une hiérarchie ». On peut donc imaginer que les chercheurs (directeurs de recherche, maitres de conférence, ingénieurs de recherches, ...) disposent de par leur fonction d'une « autonomie intellectuelle » qui leur permet de valoriser par l'utilisation de licences libres leurs travaux. En suivant ce raisonnement, un laboratoire ou une institution de recherche ne saurait refuser la diffusion d'un logiciel libre qui n'est pas valorisé par d'autres moyens.
interview[modifier]
Inria : Patrick Moreau : « 50 % des logiciels issus d’Inria sont diffusés en Open Source »[modifier]
Citation :
Aujourd’hui, plus de 500 logiciels produits par les équipes-projets d’Inria sont diffusés en Open Source, soit la moitié de l’ensemble des logiciels issus des travaux d’Inria. Ces travaux ont donné naissance à des communautés d’utilisateurs et de contributeurs à travers le monde ou à la création de start-ups, comme Bonitasoft, Scilab Enterprises, SysFera et ActiveEon.
Citation :
Quels sont les freins au transfert des logiciels de recherche ? Le premier frein concerne le temps du chercheur. Le chercheur est au centre de la production du logiciel. Est-il motivé pour faire du transfert ? Le second concerne la reconnaissance du transfert de technologie dans l’activité d’un chercheur, et les choses évoluent lentement…
Abstracts divers[modifier]
- Open source and healthcare in Europe - time to put leading edge ideas into practice.
Murray PJ, Wright G, Karopka T, Betts H, Orel A.
CHIRAD - Centre for Health Informatics Research and Development, Lincolnshire, UK. peterjmurray A gmail DOT com Stud Health Technol Inform. 2009;150:963-7.
Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) is a process of software development, a method of licensing and a philosophy. Although FLOSS plays a significant role in several market areas, the impact in the health care arena is still limited. FLOSS is promoted as one of the most effective means for overcoming fragmentation in the health care sector and providing a basis for more efficient, timely and cost effective health care provision. The 2008 European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI) Special Topic Conference (STC) explored a range of current and future issues related to FLOSS in healthcare (FLOSS-HC). In particular, there was a focus on health records, ubiquitous computing, knowledge sharing, and current and future applications. Discussions resulted in a list of main barriers and challenges for use of FLOSS-HC. Based on the outputs of this event, the 2004 Open Steps events and subsequent workshops at OSEHC2009 and Med-e-Tel 2009, a four-step strategy has been proposed for FLOSS-HC: 1) a FLOSS-HC inventory; 2) a FLOSS-HC collaboration platform, use case database and knowledge base; 3) a worldwide FLOSS-HC network; and 4) FLOSS-HC dissemination activities. The workshop will further refine this strategy and elaborate avenues for FLOSS-HC from scientific, business and end-user perspectives. To gain acceptance by different stakeholders in the health care industry, different activities have to be conducted in collaboration. The workshop will focus on the scientific challenges in developing methodologies and criteria to support FLOSS-HC in becoming a viable alternative to commercial and proprietary software development and deployment.
- osni.info-Using free/libre/open source software to build a virtual international community for open source nursing informatics.
Oyri K, Murray PJ.
The Interventional Centre, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, 0027 Oslo, Norway. karl.oyri A klinmed DOT uio DOT no Int J Med Inform. 2005 Dec;74(11-12):937-45. Epub 2005 Aug 19.
Many health informatics organizations seem to be slow to take up the advantages of dynamic, web-based technologies for providing services to, and interaction with, their members; these are often the very technologies they promote for use within healthcare environments. This paper aims to introduce some of the many free/libre/open source (FLOSS) applications that are now available to develop interactive websites and dynamic online communities as part of the structure of health informatics organizations, and to show how the Open Source Nursing Informatics Working Group (OSNI) of the special interest group in nursing informatics of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA-NI) is using some of these tools to develop an online community of nurse informaticians through their website, at . Some background introduction to FLOSS applications is used for the benefit of those less familiar with such tools, and examples of some of the FLOSS content management systems (CMS) being used by OSNI are described. The experiences of the OSNI will facilitate a knowledgeable nursing contribution to the wider discussions on the applications of FLOSS within health and healthcare, and provides a model that many other groups could adopt.
- Open Source software in medical informatics--why, how and what.
McDonald CJ, Schadow G, Barnes M, Dexter P, Overhage JM, Mamlin B, McCoy JM.
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 W. 10th St., RG5th Floor, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. cmcdonald A regenstrief DOT org. Int J Med Inform. 2003 Mar;69(2-3):175-84. Comment in: Int J Med Inform. 2003 Sep;71(2-3):165.
'Open Source' is a 20-40 year old approach to licensing and distributing software that has recently burst into public view. Against conventional wisdom this approach has been wildly successful in the general software market--probably because the openness lets programmers the world over obtain, critique, use, and build upon the source code without licensing fees. Linux, a UNIX-like operating system, is the best known success. But computer scientists at the University of California, Berkeley began the tradition of software sharing in the mid 1970s with BSD UNIX and distributed the major internet network protocols as source code without a fee. Medical informatics has its own history of Open Source distribution: Massachusetts General's COSTAR and the Veterans Administration's VISTA software have been distributed as source code at no cost for decades. Bioinformatics, our sister field, has embraced the Open Source movement and developed rich libraries of open-source software. Open Source has now gained a tiny foothold in health care (OSCAR GEHR, OpenEMed). Medical informatics researchers and funding agencies should support and nurture this movement. In a world where open-source modules were integrated into operational health care systems, informatics researchers would have real world niches into which they could engraft and test their software inventions. This could produce a burst of innovation that would help solve the many problems of the health care system. We at the Regenstrief Institute are doing our part by moving all of our development to the open-source model.
